Constitutional Amendment: Motivation, Mechanisms

Evolving realities in various spheres, the desire to correct inadequate or outdated legal provisions, and strengthening democratic institutions or the rule of law are some aspects that warrant the modification of laws. In Cameroon, the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and its revision is taken seriously. The current Constitution is largely based on the 1996 revision, which followed the original 1972 Constitution. According to Section 63 of the Constitution, the Parliament, comprising the National Assembly and Senate must meet in congress to examine and adopt proposed amendments to the Constitution. A simple majority of members in the combined assembly is required for an adoption. This thus explains why the 6th Congress of Parliament starts meeting today at the behest of the Speaking of the National Assembly, Théodore Datouo, in his capacity President of the Bureau of Congress. The Bureau Order convening the congress says it is in order to amend some provisions of the Constitution. This ties with what President Paul Biya had said during his swearingin speech at the National Assembly on November 6, 2026. “We will also submit to Parliament some reforms to enhance the State’s efficiency by adapting our institutions to the demands of our environment,” stated the President of the Republic. According to existing regulations, the Constitution of Cameroon is revised through a process initiated by the Head of State or Parliament. The proposed amendments are submitted before Parliament for scrutiny. The proposal is adequately examined, debates organised and clarifications provided to legislators on the need for a Constitutional revision. An absolute majority in Parliament is required to vote in favour of the modification, or a twothirds majority if the President requests a second reading. Major changes in ...